The demographics of ethiopia encompass the demographic features of ethiopia s inhabitants, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Ethnicity, democratisation and decentralization in ethiopia. Ethiopia the rise and reign of haile selassie i 191674. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. D these days ethnicity is much talked issues in the contemporary world, especially in the third world, so called underdeveloped countries by developed western countries. Ethnic and cultural rights were indeed accorded, and a new economic. The experiment of ethnicfederal decentralisation in ethiopia from dir research center on development and. Most live in isolated rural mountain areas, where life is hard and droughts are common. Culture ethiopians have one of the richest, most wellpreserved cultures in the world, with. This chapter aims at providing a general background about the politics of. Some new perspectives, held at the african studies centre, leiden, in november 1996. In todays ethiopia, integration promoting policies are things like promoting interregional migration, business, infrastructure such as transportation, etc. Background uptake of some childhood immunisations in the uk is lower among those from some black and asian minority ethnic bame backgrounds.
Resources for rural development chapter 1 introduction of the ethiopian highlands reclamation study 3 1. Ethnicity, belonging and identity among the eastern gurage of. Every nation, nationality and people in ethiopia has an unconditional right to selfdetermination, including the right to secession. Ethiopia in fact was an african country that had a feudal and monarchical system like the then civilized europe. Ethnicity and power in ethiopia sarah vaughan phd the university of edinburgh 2003. In nepal in particular, gradually such problems emanated from socioectll1omic underdevelopment are designated as ethnicity r. Culture of ethiopia history, people, traditions, women. Violations of the rights of the disadvantaged ethnic groups. Nationwide as % of total 1994 population ethnic group by selfidentification. But within its african boundaries lies a nation filled with a rich culture and heritage. Most of its people speak an ethiosemitic or cushitic language which are both part of the afroasiatic language family, while others speak nilosaharan languages. Most people in ethiopia speak afroasiatic languages, mainly of the cushitic and semitic branches. Ethiopia established a new constitution in 1994 following the revolution, though its political situation remains relatively unstable due to continual conflicts with neighboring eritrea. Library of congress federal research division country profile.
Place of diversity in the current ethiopian education and. Ethnicity, democratisation and decentralization in ethiopia 83 the researcher made several field trips to several woredas districts of the oromia region for data collection. The planned 2004 census has unfortunately been postponed. Like most african states, ethiopia is ethnically diverse.
In this 1 berhanu gutema balcha holds a phd on the making of the state in africa. Conflicts among pastoralists in the borana area of. This multiplicity in language, religion, culture, tradition and the overall identity is actually a beauty for the country considering the fact that the peoples of ethiopia have had the culture of living together without any narrowly and shallowlyfocused ethnic belongingness. Under federalism through the 1990s, political representation and territorial administration were reorganised in terms of ethnicity. Pdf this thesis explores why ethnicity was introduced as the basis for. Ethiopia has targeted prominent oromo cultural figures for persecution. Ethiopia was home to some of the earliest hominid populations and possibly the region where homo erectus evolved and expanded out of africa to populate eurasia 1. Cultural information ethiopia centre for intercultural. Ethnicity, democratisation and decentralization in. Resources include books, pamphlets and audiovisuals.
The oromo galla group represents approximately 40% of the population and is concentrated primarily in the southern half of the nation. The country enjoys diverse cultures such as world famous cuisines, woven cotton costume. The governance and regions ethiopia is a federal parliamentary republic. Ethiopia is one of ethnically diverse nations in the world. The general seems to be unaware that ethnicity or race is a historical and social construct without biological basis, yet he attempts to explain.
Ancient amhara culture had a writing system, and therefore, there is a wealth of texts that have preserved the ancient teachings of christianity in a language that is. The study challenges the already existing thoughts on ethnicity, which map the concept on contours of polar extremes and suggests an approach to transcend the primordialist. Ethiopia ethiopia the rise and reign of haile selassie i 191674. Jul 18, 2019 ethiopia is home to a number of ethnic groups. Ethnicity in ethiopia, as in other african states, is observed in various spheres of life, such as activity of parties, functioning of the government bodies, army, social and economic relations, culture, etc. Abstract in multiethnic country, respect of diversity and ethnic equality is a major tool for national integration. Fundamental political reforms are underway in ethiopia, but as the new prime minister, abiy ahmed and his government work to bring about change in. Ethiopias population is highly diverse with different languages and ethnic groups.
There is growing concern that ethiopias prime minister has failed to address rising ethnic tensions and violence. According to the 2007 census in ethiopia, their estimated population is 30 million. Ethiopias current population is about 115 million and is expected to surpass 200 million by the end of 2049. The significance of ethnic subgroup oriented, detailed study of cultural narratives. A balance sheet of post1991 ethnically based federalism the political transition in ethiopia in 1991 came at a time when there were high hopes among africans, civilsociety organizations, the international community and scholars for processes of democratisation. A resource list for educators november 20 this publication is a collection of resources on the topic of cultural and ethnic food and nutrition education materials. Ethnicity and restructuring of the state in ethiopia berhanu. The amhara and tigrean groups constitute approximately 32% of the population and have traditionally been dominant politically. Despite their diverse historical origins and with several points of contacts over the centuries, all of them. Introduction to sociocultural anthropology zerihun doda, m. Ethnic and religious diversity in higher education in ethiopia the case of bahir dar university academic dissertation to be presented, with the permission of the board of the school of education of the university of tampere, for public discussion in the paavo koli auditorium, kanslerinrinne 1, tampere, on may 22nd, 2014, at 12 oclock. Table of contents volume 1 page abbreviations xiv foreword xvii part i.
Ethiopia is a mosaic of about 100 languages that can be classified into four groups. Ethnicity in ethiopia some scholars posit that ethnic consciousness among different ethnic groups in ethiopia emerged as a response to amhara domination within the ethiopian empire bassi 1996. Cultural and ethnic food and nutrition education materials. Archaeologists have discovered remains of early hominids in ethiopias rift valley, including australopithecus afarensis, or lucy, thought to be 3. Ethnicity in ethiopia is an enormously complex concept. Ethiopia is by some scientists believed as the birthplace of human kind. Ethnicity and power in ethiopia edinburgh research archive the. Ethiopia is a large country, and this lesson merely scratches the surface of the cultural and religious practices of its people. With one of the highest poverty levels in the world, ethiopia is considered by many to be one of the most underdeveloped nations in the world. There is growing concern that ethiopia s prime minister has failed to address rising ethnic tensions and violence. Introduction ethiopia is composed of several ethnolinguistic communities with different histories, languages, and cultures. Theorising ethnicity and ethnonationalism 43 primordial attachment, and assumed attachment 44 towards a materialist interpretation. Bordered by kenya, south sudan, sudan, djibouti, eritrea, and somalia ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the continent of africa and the second. Every nation, nationality and people in ethiopia has the right to speak, to write and to develop its own language.
Cultural norms and values when a foreign traveler crosses the ocean, he enters a whole new world of struggle and celebration. In previous ussr, ethnicity was largely associated with the problems ofnational minorities. So far, ethiopia has conducted two decennial national censusesin 1984 and again in 1994. In this paper, i will analyse a case of ethnic transformation in post1991 ethiopia based on an ethnographic study of the eastern gurage. He must follow a numerous amount of rules to avoid offending the unique people of ethiopia. Since it was considered unseemly for a woman to serve in her own right, ras tafari, the son of ras makonnen and a cousin of menilek, served as zauditus regent and heir apparent. Find some examples and approaches that will shed some light on how to write ethnicity survey questions. Ethiopians are ethnically diverse, with the most important differences on the basis of linguistic categorization. It traces its origin to the kingdoms that emerged in the northern highlands in the fourth century. Groups in existence in the twentieth century are biological and social amalgams of several preexisting entities. Ethiopia s population is highly diverse with different languages and ethnic groups. The case represents an ethnic setting where the conventional conceptualization of ethnicity in terms of a notion of origin undermines the diversities expressed in various forms of category and boundary.
The demographics of ethiopia encompass the demographic features of ethiopias inhabitants, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Ethnicity survey questions for questionnaires questionpro. Ethiopia is a composite of more than 70 ethnic groups. I am most grateful to alessandro triulzi and stephen ellis for comments. Furthermore ethiopia has a cultural ethnicity that doesnat change. History and ethnic relations emergence of the nation. Ethnicity and restructuring of the state in ethiopia. The country consists of a variety of ethnic groups and languages, and the two most popular religions are christian and muslim. Political parties in ethiopia download ebook pdf, epub. This study deals with ethnicity and interethnic relations in african context, with particular emphasis on the new ethiopian experiment of ethnic politics. The vast majority of languages belong to the semitic, cushitic, or omotic groups, all part of the afroasiatic language family. The ethiopian population is characterized by considerable diversity in religion the ethiopian orthodox church, protestants, moslems, traditional belief systems, language there are dozens of different languages, culture, socioeconomic activities pastoral nomadism, sedentary agriculture.
Together these four groups make up threequarters of the population. Ethiopia was governing arabs and arabs were paying tributes to the kingdom of ethiopia. The oromo, amhara, somali and tigrayans make up more than threequarters 75% of the population, but there are more than 80 different ethnic groups. The culture of power in contemporary ethiopian political. According to a 20 world bank report, ethiopia had a population of roughly 94. The current government of ethiopia came to power in 1991 and introduced an ethnic based federal system to address the longexisting ethnic and other political and societal problems.
Ethnic and religious diversity in higher education in ethiopia. Population size and percentage of ethiopias total population according to the 1994 and 2007 censuses follows each entry. Perspectives of genetic counselors from minority ethnic groups brittanie morris university of south carolina columbia follow this and additional works at. The spread of the dominant amharic language and amhara culture. Ethiopian ethnic federalism in principle, regarding both as divisive and destructive of ethiopias natural interests. Culture ethiopians have one of the richest, most wellpreserved cultures in the world, with very little influence from other countries. Ethnic federalism and its discontents crisis group africa report n153, 4 september 2009 page 2 ii. Abate mammo, a demographer, deflated the false sense of demographic reality in his article, population distribution in ethiopia. The amhara people are an ancient semitic people living mostly in ethiopia. Consequently, ethnicity became the ideological basis of the eprdf governments political organization and administration abbink, 1997, and ethiopia has become a federal polity with nine regional. Jul 28, 2009 1 an earlier version of this article was presented at the seminar on ethnicity, politics and memory in ethiopia.
Click download or read online button to get political parties in ethiopia book now. Facts about oromo people, language, music, culture, flag ethiopia is an ethnically diverse country with over 74 language groups, with oromo people being among the major ethnic groups in the country. Conflicts among pastoralists in the borana area of southern. Ethnicityspecific factors influencing childhood immunisation. Ethiopia is located in the northwest of africa and it borders sudan, south sudan, eritrea, somalia and kenya. Nov 05, 2018 the politics of patriotism is an unreserved love to ones country along with unwavering principle and practice of equality, mutual respect and advantage, passion and compassion, believing in common destiny and the decision to collectively strive to achieve that destiny and enjoy the fruits it offers. Ethiopia s population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Facts about oromo people, language, music, culture, flag. Ethiopia s prime minister abiy ahmed has introduced dramatic reforms since assuming power more than nine months ago. Ethiopia, after eritreas breakaway, can claim credit for being the only african country trying to confront headon the challenge of tribalism or ethnicity by recognizing territorially based.
This is a list of ethnic groups in ethiopia that are officially recognized by the government. The most notable paleoanthropological find in the country was lucy, a female australopithicus afarensis discovered in 1974 and referred to as dinqnesh you. Ethiopia is a subsaharan country found in the horn of africa. The birth rate in ethiopia is 36 births per 1,000 people. Ethiopias population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Nov 09, 2012 if ethnicity is all about where our ancestors come from and the lifestyle they chose and followed, there is another legitimate claim in ethiopian context that the generations before us, despite all the disparity between them, got so mixed with one another and shared their culture, lifestyle and even the language. To most of the peoples their ethnic belonging is much more important than their national state identity. Lucy one of the oldest hominid findings in the world a skeleton of a female australopithecus afarensis was discovered in 1974 at hadar in the awash valley of ethiopias afar depression. The imperial period 1974 ethiopia is the only african state never colonised by a foreign power.
Some groups trace their origins from subsaharan bantu or nilotic influences. To do this, strong good governance and democratic institutions are very important. The prince developed the rudiments of a modern bureaucracy by recruiting the newly. Ethnic conflict persist on every continent and such violence are a central feature of contemporary social life and have been for centuries in places where heterogeneous population live, or people from different ethnic group come into contact. There is also the distinction of highland societies and lowland societies. This redefinition of ethiopia along ethnic lines has.
Ethiopia population 2020 demographics, maps, graphs. Ethnicity survey questions are one of the important demographic questions that help the researcher determine what factors can influence the choice of the respondent and enable a researcher to crosstabulate and compare the categories to see the variation in responses. An ethnic group is a set of people that share common racial and cultural characteristics. Ethiopia, april 2005 historical background prehistory and aksum. Ethiopia is a rich mosaic of ethnic groups some 85 groupsboth large and small. But as ethnic clashes flare, the changes may not be enough to stabilize the nation. Ethiopians are individuals that come from the african country of ethiopia. Other groups find their origins in kushitic and middle eastern influences. He held interviews with key informants, as well as conducted focus group discussions in ambo, waliso, gerar jarso, north shewa, walenchiti, east shewa, arsi and jimma. The oromo, amhara, somali and tigrayans make up more than threequarters 75% of the population.
Ethnicity and constitutionalism in contemporary ethiopia. The debate between those who stress the cultural content of ethnicity, and. Ethnically diverse, ethiopia is home to many groups, including the. A profile of ethiopia based on the 1994 census population size. Jan 24, 2008 ethiopia is a composite of more than 70 ethnic groups. As many scholars believe the ark of the covenant is a replica in ethiopia i donat believe so comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic. It is a list taken from the 2007 ethiopian national census. The dominant religion among them is the ethiopian coptic orthodox christian church, though some are muslim. Part of thegenetics and genomics commons this open access thesis is brought to you by scholar. The former includes the oromo and somali, and the latter includes the amhara and tigray.
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